The instruments of debt

The Agency Cost of Alternative Debt Instruments

Lifetime Probability Of Default Modeling For Hungarian Corporate Debt Instruments

The paper attempts to provide forecast methodological framework and concrete models to estimate long run probability of default term structure for Hungarian corporate debt instruments, in line with IFRS 9 requirements. Long run probability of default and expected loss can be estimated by various methods and has fifty-five years of history in literature. After studying literature and empirical m...

The Determination of Yield Differentials Between Debt Instruments of the Same Maturity

Dsm INSTRUMENTS of comparable risk level and maturity and with similar provisions do not necessarily have the same market yield. Moreover, the yield differentials between different instruments of comparable risk level and maturity vary considerably over time. In June, 1964, for example, the yield differential between AA-rated utility bonds and government bonds of the same maturity was 30 basis ...

Survival of the Interest Rate Based Debt Financing System

Evidence has been mounting (over the centuries) that the interest based debt financing regime is under ever increasing distress. All of the earlier crises whatever label they carried− exchange rate crisis or banking crisis – have been debt crises in essence. At the present, empirical research suggests that the debt-to-GDP ratio of the richest members of the G-20 threatens to touch 120% m...

the effect of taftan pozzolan on the compressive strength of concrete in the environmental conditions of oman sea (chabahar port)

cement is an essential ingredient in the concrete buildings. for production of cement considerable amount of fossil fuel and electrical energy is consumed. on the other hand for generating one tone of portland cement, nearly one ton of carbon dioxide is released. it shows that 7 percent of the total released carbon dioxide in the world relates to the cement industry. considering ecological issu...